Defining Curriculum Purpose: Our references

In addition to these secondary references, we undertook primary research with over 600 young people and around 300 adults working in and around formal education settings. You can read more about that in the PDF version of the report.

You can download the full paper (PDF) or return to the overview.

Australian Curriculum. (2022). Learning Areas. https://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/f-10-curriculum/learning-areas/

Biesta, G. (2008). What kind of citizen? What kind of democracy? Citizenship education and the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence. Scottish Educational Review, 40(2), 38-52.

Biesta, G. (2009). Good education in an age of measurement: On the need to reconnect with the question of purpose in education. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 21(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-008-9064-9

Cahapay, M. (2020, 06/01). Rethinking Education in the New Normal Post-COVID-19 Era: A Curriculum Studies Perspective. https://doi.org/10.29333/aquademia/8315

Center for Curriculum Redesign. (2012). The Case of Singapore: Rethinking Curriculum for the 21st Century. https://curriculumredesign.org/wp-content/uploads/Paris2012_SingaporeCase_Final-Read-Only-Compatibility-Mode.pdf

Delors, J., Unesco, & International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First, C. (1996). Learning: the treasure within: report to Unesco of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century. Unesco. https://go.exlibris.link/TXWV4pFw

Education Scotland. (2016). Curriculum for Excellence: A Statement for Practitioners from HM Chief Inspector of Education. https://education.gov.scot/media/m1nlboum/cfe-statement.pdf

Education Wales. (2022). Developing a vision for curriculum design. https://hwb.gov.wales/curriculum-for-wales/designing-your-curriculum/developing-a-vision-for-curriculum-design/#curriculum-design-and-the-four-purposes

Gillies, D. (2006). A curriculum for excellence: A question of values. 38, 25-36. https://www.scotedreview.org.uk/media/microsites/scottish-educational-review/documents/212.pdf

Hedge, N., & MacKenzie, A. (2016). Scotland's Curriculum for Excellence: a defence of autonomy and personhood. Oxford Review of Education, 42(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2015.1128890

Humes, W. (2014). The Origins and Development of Curriculum for Excellence: Discourse, Politics and Control. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472553195.ch-002

International Baccalaureate Organisation. (2019). The History of the IB. https://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-toolkit/presentations/1711-presentation-history-of-the-ib-en.pdf

Kennedy, A. (2005). Models of Continuing Professional Development: a framework for analysis. Journal of in-service education, 31(2), 235-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674580500200277

Kidner, C. (2010). SPICe Briefing - Curriculum for Excellence. https://archive2021.parliament...

Ministry of Education. (2022). The New Zealand Curriculum. https://nzcurriculum.tki.org.nz/The-New-Zealand-Curriculum#collapsible4

Munn, P., Stead, J., McLeod, G., Brown, J., Cowie, M., McCluskey, G., Pirrie, A., & Scott, J. (2004, 2004/12/01). Schools for the 21st century: the national debate on education in Scotland. Research Papers in Education, 19(4), 433-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267152042000295465

OECD. (2008). Reviews of National Policies for Education: Scotland 2007. https://doi.org/doi:https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264041004-en

OECD. (2015). Improving Schools in Scotland: An OECD Perspective. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/improving-schools-in-scotland.htm

OECD. (2021). Scotland’s Curriculum for Excellence: Into the Future, Implementing Education Policies (9789264341043). https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/scotland-s-curriculum-for-excellence_bf624417-en

Priestley, M. (2011a). Schools, teachers, and curriculum change: A balancing act?, 12, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-010-9140-z

Priestley, M. (2011b). Whatever happened to curriculum theory? Critical realism and curriculum change. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 19(2), 221-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2011.582258

Priestley, M., & Biesta, G. (2014). Reinventing the Curriculum: New Trends in Curriculum Policy and Practice. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gla/detail.action?docID=1220336

Priestley, M., & Humes, W. (2010). The development of Scotland's Curriculum for Excellence: amnesia and déjà vu. Oxford Review of Education, 36(3), 345-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980903518951

Priestley, M., & Minty, S. (2013). Curriculum for Excellence:'A brilliant idea, but...'. Scottish Educational Review, 45(1), 39-52.

Priestley, M., Minty, S., & Eager, M. (2014, 2014/05/04). School-based curriculum development in Scotland: curriculum policy and enactment. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 22(2), 189-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2013.812137

Priestley M, Philippou S, Alvunger D & Soini T (2021) Curriculum making in Europe: policy and practice within and across diverse contexts. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Ltd, pp. 1-27. https://www.emerald.com/insigh...; https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-...

Robeyns, I. (2006). Three models of education: Rights, capabilities and human capital. Theory and research in education, 4(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878506060683

Scottish Executive. (2004). A Curriculum for Excellence (0755942159\rEdinburgh).

Scottish Government. (2022a). Putting Learners at the Centre: Towards a Future Vision for Scottish Education (1804351008;9781804351000;).

Scottish Government. (2022b). Scotland’s Curriculum for Excellence. https://scotlandscurriculum.scot

Shapira, M., Priestley, M., Peace-Hughes, T., Barnett, C., & Ritchie, M. (2021). Preliminary findings from the secondary school leaders survey: a summary Nuffield Project, Working Paper No. 2., Issue.

Shapira, M., & Priestley, M. (2020). Do schools matter? An exploration of the determinants of lower secondary school subject choices under the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence. Review of education (Oxford), 8(1), 191-238. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3180

Singapore Ministry of Education. (2022a). 21st Century Competencies. https://www.moe.gov.sg/education-in-sg/21st-century-competencies

Singapore Ministry of Education. (2022b). Desired Outcomes of Education. https://www.moe.gov.sg/education-in-sg/desired-outcomes

UNESCO: Education Sector. (2020). Education in a post-COVID world: Nine ideas for public action. Futures of Education. https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/education_in_a_post-covid_world-nine_ideas_for_public_action.pdf

Wikimedia Commons. (2022). The Four Pillars of Education. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_four_pillars_of_education.svg